Sciatica

Overview

Sciatica refers to pain that radiates along the path of the sciatic nerve — the longest nerve in the body — from the lower back through the buttocks and down each leg. It is not a condition itself but a symptom of an underlying problem, most commonly a herniated disc, bone spur, or spinal stenosis compressing the nerve. Most cases resolve within a few weeks with conservative treatment, but severe or persistent cases may require surgery.

Symptoms

Common Symptoms

• Pain radiating from the lower back through the buttocks and down the leg
• Burning, shooting, or electric shock-like pain
• Numbness or tingling in the leg or foot
• Muscle weakness in the affected leg
• Pain that worsens with coughing, sneezing, or prolonged sitting
• Usually affects one side only
• Pain ranges from mild ache to sharp, excruciating pain

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, medical history, blood tests, and appropriate imaging studies. A healthcare provider will assess symptoms, order relevant laboratory work, and may refer to a specialist for confirmation.

Treatments

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Options may include medication, lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, stress management), and ongoing monitoring. Always work with a qualified healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan.