Peripheral Artery Disease

Overview

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) occurs when plaque builds up in the arteries that carry blood to the limbs, most commonly the legs. This narrowing reduces blood flow, causing pain, cramping, or fatigue in the legs during activity (claudication) that improves with rest. PAD is a sign of systemic atherosclerosis — people with PAD have a significantly higher risk of heart attack and stroke.

Symptoms

Common Symptoms

• Claudication — leg pain, cramping, or heaviness that starts with walking and improves with rest
• Leg numbness or weakness
• Coldness in one leg or foot compared to the other
• Sores on toes, feet, or legs that won't heal
• Change in leg color (pale or bluish)
• Hair loss on legs
• Weak or absent pulse in the feet
• Many people have no symptoms or attribute symptoms to aging

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, medical history, blood tests, and appropriate imaging studies. A healthcare provider will assess symptoms, order relevant laboratory work, and may refer to a specialist for confirmation.

Treatments

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Options may include medication, lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, stress management), and ongoing monitoring. Always work with a qualified healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan.