Pelvic Organ Prolapse

Overview

Pelvic organ prolapse occurs when the muscles and tissues supporting the pelvic organs (uterus, bladder, rectum) weaken, allowing one or more organs to drop from their normal position and press against the walls of the vagina. It is common, especially after childbirth and menopause, and can range from mild to severe. While not life-threatening, it can cause significant discomfort and impact quality of life. Treatment options include pelvic floor exercises, pessaries, and surgery.

Symptoms

Common Symptoms

• A feeling of heaviness or pressure in the pelvis
• A bulge or lump in the vagina
• Feeling like something is falling out of the vagina
• Urinary problems — incontinence, urgency, difficulty emptying
• Bowel problems — constipation, difficulty emptying
• Discomfort or pain during intercourse
• Lower back pain
• Worsening symptoms with standing, lifting, or coughing
• Improvement when lying down

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, medical history, blood tests, and appropriate imaging studies. A healthcare provider will assess symptoms, order relevant laboratory work, and may refer to a specialist for confirmation.

Treatments

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Options may include medication, lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, stress management), and ongoing monitoring. Always work with a qualified healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan.