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endocrine

Hypothyroidism

An underactive thyroid gland that doesn't produce enough hormones, slowing metabolism and causing fatigue and weight gain.

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Overview

Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormone, which regulates metabolism throughout the body. The most common cause is Hashimoto's thyroiditis (autoimmune), but it can also result from thyroid surgery, radiation, certain medications, or iodine deficiency. Symptoms develop gradually and can be subtle, often attributed to aging or stress before diagnosis. Treatment with thyroid hormone replacement is usually straightforward and effective.

Symptoms

Common Symptoms

  • Fatigue and sluggishness
  • Weight gain despite reduced appetite
  • Cold intolerance
  • Dry skin and hair
  • Hair loss
  • Constipation
  • Depression
  • Brain fog and memory problems
  • Muscle aches and weakness
  • Slowed heart rate
  • Heavy or irregular menstrual periods

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, medical history, blood tests, and appropriate imaging studies. A healthcare provider will assess symptoms, order relevant laboratory work, and may refer to a specialist for confirmation.

Treatments

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Options may include medication, lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, stress management), and ongoing monitoring. Always work with a qualified healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan.

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