Hemochromatosis (Iron Overload)

Overview

Hereditary hemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that causes the body to absorb too much iron from food. The excess iron is stored in organs — especially the liver, heart, and pancreas — where it accumulates over years and can cause serious damage including cirrhosis, heart problems, and diabetes. It is one of the most common genetic disorders in people of Northern European descent. Early diagnosis and treatment (regular blood removal) can prevent organ damage entirely.

Symptoms

Common Symptoms

• Early: often no symptoms, or vague fatigue and joint pain
• Joint pain (especially in the knuckles of the index and middle fingers)
• Fatigue and weakness
• Abdominal pain
• Bronze or gray discoloration of the skin
• Loss of libido or erectile dysfunction
• Heart problems (arrhythmias, heart failure)
• Liver problems (enlarged liver, elevated liver enzymes)
• Diabetes ('bronze diabetes')
• Often diagnosed on routine blood tests showing elevated iron

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, medical history, blood tests, and appropriate imaging studies. A healthcare provider will assess symptoms, order relevant laboratory work, and may refer to a specialist for confirmation.

Treatments

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Options may include medication, lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, stress management), and ongoing monitoring. Always work with a qualified healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan.