Gallstones (Cholelithiasis)

Overview

Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that form in the gallbladder. They can range from the size of a grain of sand to a golf ball. Many people have gallstones without symptoms (asymptomatic), but when a stone blocks a bile duct, it causes a 'gallbladder attack' — intense pain in the upper right abdomen. Risk factors include being female, over 40, overweight, and having a family history.

Symptoms

Common Symptoms

• Biliary colic: sudden, intense pain in the upper right abdomen lasting 30 minutes to several hours
• Pain in the center of the abdomen, just below the breastbone
• Back pain between the shoulder blades
• Pain in the right shoulder
• Nausea or vomiting
• Pain after eating fatty meals
• Often no symptoms until a stone blocks a duct

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, medical history, blood tests, and appropriate imaging studies. A healthcare provider will assess symptoms, order relevant laboratory work, and may refer to a specialist for confirmation.

Treatments

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Options may include medication, lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, stress management), and ongoing monitoring. Always work with a qualified healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan.