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gastrointestinal

Achalasia

A rare swallowing disorder where the esophagus loses the ability to move food into the stomach.

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Overview

Achalasia is a rare disorder of the esophagus where the lower esophageal sphincter (the valve between the esophagus and stomach) fails to relax properly, and the muscles of the esophagus lose their ability to push food downward. This causes food and liquid to accumulate in the esophagus, leading to difficulty swallowing, regurgitation, and weight loss. Treatment focuses on relaxing or surgically modifying the sphincter.

Symptoms

Common Symptoms

  • Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia) for both solids and liquids
  • Regurgitation of undigested food
  • Chest pain or discomfort
  • Heartburn
  • Weight loss
  • Slow eating
  • Coughing, especially at night (from aspiration)
  • Feeling of fullness in the chest

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves clinical evaluation, medical history, blood tests, and appropriate imaging studies. A healthcare provider will assess symptoms, order relevant laboratory work, and may refer to a specialist for confirmation.

Treatments

Treatment depends on the underlying cause and severity. Options may include medication, lifestyle modifications (diet, exercise, stress management), and ongoing monitoring. Always work with a qualified healthcare provider to develop an appropriate treatment plan.

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